What Are the Warning Signs of Sexual Violence?

Sexual violence is a serious, widespread problem that impacts the whole community. It takes many forms, from physical assault and abuse to verbal harassment and cyber bullying. It can be perpetrated by a stranger or someone that you know and trust, such as a friend, colleague, partner, ex-partner or family member. Sexual violence can affect anyone – regardless of their age, gender, race or ability, how they look or what they are wearing. It can happen anywhere – at work, school, home or on the streets. It can even occur in places of worship. It does not discriminate and it should never be justified or explained away – you do not deserve sexual violence, whatever the circumstances.

Victims and survivors can experience a range of responses to sexual violence including anger, anxiety, fear and guilt. They may struggle to maintain or rebuild relationships and feel unable to trust others. They may also have changes in behaviour or health problems, such as sores in the genital and anal areas, sexually transmitted infections and difficulties sleeping. Some children who have been abused may be reluctant to go to school, have nightmares or wet the bed.

Perpetrators of sexual violence often use force or weapons but they can also use coercion, manipulation and psychological pressure to force people into having sex they do not want to have. It is important that you know the warning signs, particularly in children. Children can often be difficult to read but if you notice any of the following it is worth talking to them:

The impact of sexual violence goes well beyond the victim. Survivors can suffer from a range of lasting physical, emotional and social issues including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. They can also be at a higher risk of suicide and addictions. For some, there is a long term loss of self-esteem and confidence along with feelings of isolation and shame.

It can lead to a breakdown in relationships, including with family and friends. It can impact on workplaces, schools and religious communities as well as the local economy with costs for things like police, medical services and crisis care. It can destroy a sense of safety and security, which is a fundamental foundation of society.

Prevention of sexual violence is everyone’s responsibility. Individuals can help by promoting safe behaviors, healthy relationships and thoughtful policies in their daily lives. They can intervene when they see disrespectful and dangerous behavior and by believing survivors. Whether it’s offering a safe ride home to a friend who has had too much to drink, explaining that rape jokes are not funny or getting the security at a party involved when people are behaving aggressively, every person can make a difference.